Equity Theory primarily focuses on:

Equity Theory primarily focuses on the balance between effort and rewards. This theory posits that individuals assess the fairness of their work environment by comparing their input, such as effort, skill level, and time, to the outcomes they receive, which include salary, recognition, and benefits. When individuals perceive an imbalance—where they feel they are putting in more effort compared to what they are receiving in return—they may experience feelings of inequity, leading to decreased motivation and productivity.

This theory highlights the importance of fair treatment in the workplace, as it drives employees' attitudes and behaviors. If employees feel equitably rewarded, they are more likely to be motivated and satisfied with their jobs. In contrast, the focus on other aspects such as roles within an organization, leadership styles, or task equality does not capture the essence of how individuals perceive their engagement in work compared to the rewards they receive. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the critical relationship between what individuals invest in their work and what they gain from it, which is the core of Equity Theory.