What does the term "regression" refer to in Alderfer's frustration-regression hypothesis?

The term "regression" in Alderfer's frustration-regression hypothesis specifically refers to the idea of shifting back to previously satisfied needs when individuals encounter frustration in their pursuit of higher-level needs. Alderfer proposed that when a person is unable to satisfy their growth needs (such as personal development and self-actualization), they might regress to focusing more on their existence needs (such as basic survival) or relatedness needs (such as social connections). This concept highlights the flexibility of human motivation, suggesting that if higher-level needs are not being fulfilled, individuals may revert to seeking fulfillment in needs that they have already satisfied in the past. This regression can provide a sense of comfort or security when faced with obstacles in personal or professional life.

By understanding this concept, one can appreciate how frustration can impact motivation and how individuals strive to meet their needs in various ways rather than simply pushing forward towards growth.