Which of the following is NOT a stage of observational learning?

The choice of "Application" as not being a stage of observational learning is accurate because observational learning typically consists of a series of specific stages that were refined through the work of Albert Bandura. These stages include Attention, Retention, and Reinforcement.

In the process of observational learning, first, an individual must pay Attention to the model demonstrating the behavior. Following attention, the individual must Retain the information observed in their memory to recall it later. Reinforcement plays a crucial role as it refers to the outcomes or consequences that follow the behavior, which can affect whether the behavior is imitated in the future.

While "Application" can refer to the utilization of learned behavior, it is not considered a distinct stage in the classic model of observational learning. The actual stages focus primarily on how the learning occurs through observation rather than the subsequent application of that learning. Understanding these distinct stages is essential for grasping how people learn from one another and how behaviors can be influenced by observing others.