Which theory modifies Maslow's original idea by incorporating frustration-regression?

Alderfer's ERG theory builds upon Maslow's original hierarchy of needs by introducing the concept of frustration-regression. This theory condenses Maslow's five levels of needs into three categories: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth. One of the key elements of ERG theory is the acknowledgment that if an individual is frustrated in their pursuit of growth needs, they may regress to seeking fulfillment of relatedness or existence needs instead. This allows for a more flexible approach to understanding human motivation, recognizing that the progression through needs is not always linear.

In contrast, Maslow's original hierarchy suggests a strict order of needs where individuals must satisfy lower-level needs before progressing to higher levels. McClelland's Theory of Needs focuses on specific motivations like achievement, affiliation, and power without incorporating the dynamic process of frustration and regression. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory distinguishes between hygiene factors and motivators but does not address the interplay of needs in the same way as Alderfer's ERG theory does. Thus, Alderfer introduces a more nuanced understanding of how individuals may shift their focus on needs based on their experiences and frustrations.